1 I have written elsewhere on the relationship between humankind and the act of planting, see Rosetta Sarah Elkin, Plant Life: The Entangled Politics of Afforestation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota
Press, 2022).

2 The state of historic tsunami forests gained attention following the 2011 Tohoku tsunami in Sendai. See for instance: Satoshi Kusumoto et al., “Reduction Effect of Tsunami Sediment Transport by a Coastal Forest; Numerical Simulation of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami on the Sendai Plain, Japan” Sedimentary Geology 407 (2020).

3 This story was transcribed by Naoko Asano from our conversation with Yo Yamada, 12 May 2019.

4 Ibid.

5 Ibid.

6 Anne Whiston Spirn, The Language of Landscape (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), 11.

7 For more on pine wilt disease, and how it affects plants see for instance: Kazuyoshi Futai, Pine Wilt Disease and the Decline of Pine Forests (Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publisher, 2021).

8 This story was transcribed by Naoko Asano from our conversation with Akira Tanaka, 14 May 2019.

9 Emanuele Coccia, Metamorphoses (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2021), 105.


  10 Anna Tsing refers to the history of the matsutake mushroom in in her book, The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015).

11 Eric R. Wolf, Europe and the People Without History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), 4.

12 Spirn, 11.

13 Peter Del Tredici, “Brave New Ecology,” Landscape Architecture 96.2 (2006): 46.

14 Kazuo Suzuki, “The Significance of Mycorrhizae in Forest Ecosystems,” Plantation Technology in Tropical Forest Science (2006): 41–52.

15 Kazuo Suzuki, “Pine Wilt Disease: A Threat to Pine Forests in Europe,” in The Pinewood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus, eds. Mota and Vieira (Boston: Brill, 2004), 25–30 (25).

16 Takeshi Tanguchi et al., “Does Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure Vary Along a Japanese Black Pine (Pinus Thunbergii) to Black Locust (Robinia Pseudoacacia) Gradiant?” The New Phytologist 173.2 (2007): 322–34.

17 Ibid. (with Akira Tanaka).

18 Anna Tsing, “Arts of Inclusion, or, How to Love a Mushroom,” Australian Humanities Review 50.50 (2011): 201.